Research on refugees and immigrants social integration in Yunnan Border Area : An empirical analysis on the multivariable linear regression model

A great number of immigration populations resident permanently in Yunnan Border Area of China. To some extent, these people belong to refugees or immigrants in accordance with International Rules, which significantly features the social diversity of this area. However, this kind of social diversity always impairs the social order. Therefore, there will be a positive influence to the local society governance by a research on local immigration integration. This essay hereby attempts to acquire the data of the living situation of these border area immigration and refugees. The analysis of the social integration of refugees and immigration in Yunnan border area in China will be deployed through the modeling of multivariable linear regression based on these data in order to propose some more achievable resolutions.


INTRODUCTION
As a vast boundary province, the situation that Yunnan is perplexed by the refugee can be traced back to the very ancient times.'A large population of foreign residents can be found in Yunnan province near the border of China including the legal immigration, stateless person and refugees.Most of them come from Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam, with various immigration purposes and objectives.Currently, Yunnan is facing a severe situation of immigration and refugee: In Myanmar, the end of the war still cannot be seen."Two battalions of the 11st field mobile division of Myanmar Army try to annihilate a troop of National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), a Myanmar rebel armed force which activates in the region of Xiao Meng Bo near the border between China and Myanmar.This action result in a brutal conflict with a big casualties" (Observer,2015).Because of this situation, a large number of refugees surge to the Lincang Region of China.According to report, nearly ten thousands of Burmese escaped from their home country to seek asylum in China which may have a high risk for the triggering of humanitarian crisis as well as a diplomacy difficulty to China.
It is said that the old, weak, women and children account for a vast percentage of refugees.As it is reported, now the brutality of the conflict is eased off.The aid agency in Myanmar asserted that the lack of drinking water threats all refugee camps.In some of the camps, the dysentery ravaged.They also concern about the rising of refugee population which may deteriorate the situation that is already serious (Shenen Wu,2015).In a recent interview of Myanmar President Consultant, Wu Sheng Wen Ang, he asserted that: "when the conflict was spreading over in Kokang, inhabitants of Myanmar border area escaped into the territory of China.As a result, the rough responsibility of refugees arrangement burdened by the local government of Lincang Recently when I went to Lincang to investigate the situation, the local officer said that 'three million dollars has already been distributed just on food and drinks, and the number of refugees is nearly twenty thousand'.We are sincerely grateful for the help and assistance from Chinese government.As soon as I came back from China, Myanmar government issued three measures immediately: recalling all of the refugees in China, kindly placing them and distributing the subsidies.(Xiaolei,Zhu,2015) " According to our field survey, the situation now is more severe. 1It is necessary for a significant academic research on this topic of a big practical value because of the characteristic of origin diversity and social influence of this problem which is now faced by Yunnan.
The similar predicament can be found in many countries in Europe now.The refugees come from Syria swarm into these places.Among the countries Germany has accepted lots of the refugees, and it also means Germany needs bear more settlement work for them.So far the Germany government has requisitioned or rebuilt convention and exhibition centers , storehouse , and old army camps to relocate the refugees.The volunteers in Germany cities also call on people share the spare space of their residency with the refugees.
But in China the situation is very different.The local government evades the refugee problem , so few official institution do any work for this group(except the Myanmar civil war refugees ).And the reasons they come to China is various.More important the cognizance of refugee in China has much more difference with the European.It can make much trouble on the work of the refugees.All these matters constitute the special refugees social integration situation in Yunnan.
During this research, the local immigrants and refugees has been invited to finish a survey2 which was tailor-made for them by the research team in advance.After a reasonable filtering of the null survey results, the number of effective results in each region maintains around 30.For the data concluded from the survey results, a mathematical model has been built for the analysis and probe, attempting to dig more valuable information to provide a more reliable support for the accurate analysis.

Data interpretation
In this essay, the data is collected from 17 counties in Yunnan province.During the investigation period in the field, it was tried to gain more effective samples, however, due to the sensitivity of the questions and the avoidance of the most of the refugees, it was difficult to carry on the survey.Under the situation, the local residences assisted the research team to search the refugees to finish questionnaire.Because the refugees invited always have high living standard,3 and live there for a long time, the sample selected cannot indicate the comprehensive situation.Even so, the result still can respond the present situation of refugees and immigrants objectively to some extent.
In this research, the problem would be mathematization.In other words, mathematization means that the data is collected according to the feasible conditions, and then based on the data, the realistic situation is transformed to the mathematical model.
For the conduction of the samples of model, they are classified on the basis of the counties.Seventeen counties are selected totally, and they are regarded as different samples to build models, respectively.Under the data analysis, satisfaction degree of China (local region) is used as the standard from all varieties to display the refugees or immigrants' subjective integration status.The higher the satisfaction means the less problems in the local area and more adaptable integration.In the survey, gathering the experience 4 and relevant © 2016 Nai & Li 5 bibliographies, these factors are selected as follows: 1.I'm not han nationality 2. Having the ability to use Chinese 3. Willing to live China for a long time 4. I'm Chinese 5. Willing to become Chinese 6.having friends in China 7. Believing Chinese friends more reliable.8. Asking China government for help when suffering from the plight 9. Believing hard working can improve the living standard 10.Enjoying Middle Autumn Festival 11.Believing learning Chinese is important 12. Offering a chance of Chinese education for children. 5hese indexes reflect the situation as follows: 1.the populations believing themselves are han nationality have strong identity of Chinese han nationality, and strong sense of belonging to China.2.Having the ability to use Chinese shows that they can have a better communication with the local.3.Willing to live in China for a long time means that they probably keep staying here in the future.4.The person who regards himself as a Chinese expects to stay the local region.5.If they want to become Chinese, they are willing to integrate the local situation.6. having friends in China means that they has integrated well in local and formed the communication space.7.trust for Chinese indicates that they could not exclude Chinese.8. Asking China government for help when suffering from the plight reveals that they have confidence for China government.9. Believing hard working can improve the living standard shows that they have sufficient confidence for living in China.10.Enjoying Middle Autumn Festival indicates that they do not exclude the Chinese culture.11.Believing learning Chinese is important means that they attach great importance to the communication with the other people.12.Offering a chance of Chinese education for children reveals that they identify China and they attempt to build the communication with China.For the satisfaction, the group whose satisfaction 6 degree of China is more than seventy percent is selected to regard as higher satisfaction group.
After classification, every factor affecting the satisfaction as independent variable is considered into the model.Each factor is comprehensively considered that how to influence the satisfaction towards refugees or immigrants, in order to find which ones are effective factors.For the model, the linear regression model is chosen.And for the independent variable, the Stepwise method is selected to build model.In this way, the variables influenced by collinearity or other interference are removed, and the survey group could gain a more exact result.The largest influence factor could be finding via the analysis of the different variables.Finally, comparing the result with the realistic status observed in field work, the key point of problem could be found and the solution could be proposed in the future.

Explanation of model building
At the first, it is predicted that the model will be multivariable linear regression model.As a result, before building the model, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between the twelve independent variables and one dependent variable, and to investigate what the relationship is between them.This process is significant to the establishment of the final model.(Liwen Chi,2012) And then, the scatter diagram of independent variables and dependent variable are selected to draw.In this way，it is found which variable has the linear relationship with dependent variable.
The Figure 1 is the scatter diagram which compares the relationship between the variable of satisfaction towards China and the variable of the group who want to be Chinese.It is clear that the relationship is not obvious, and the chat can not react a clear increase or decrease.

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The Figure 2 is the scatter diagram which compares the relationship between the variable of satisfaction towards China and the variable of having Chinese friends.What can be seen from the Figure 2 is that the two variables have correlation to a certain extent.This is an increasing trend, but the trend is not significant.
The Figure 3 is the scatter diagram which compares the relationship between the variable of satisfaction towards China and the variable of more reliance for Chinese friends.It shows that there may be an increasing trend, but not evident.
From the Figure 4, it can be seen a linear growth relationship between the variable of satisfaction towards China and the variable of asking the aid when they suffer from the delight.It indicates that the more people want to ask China government for aid, the more people have a better satisfaction in those regions.
The Figure 5 is the scatter diagram which compares the relationship between the variable of satisfaction towards China and the variable of believing the improvement of living standard through endeavor.In the fifth picture, there is an increasing trend, but not obvious.
The Figure 6 is the scatter diagram which compares the relationship between the variable of satisfaction towards China and the variable of enjoying Middle Autumn Festival.No obvious trend can be found in this picture.
The Figure 7 is the scatter diagram which compares the relationship between the variable of satisfaction towards China and the variable of believing the importance of learning Chinese.No obvious trend can be found in this picture.The Figure 8 is the scatter diagram which compares the relationship between the variable of satisfaction towards China and the variable of offering the chance for children to study Chinese.No obvious trend can be found in this picture as well.
The Figure 9 is the scatter diagram which compares the relationship between the variable of satisfaction towards China and the variable of the ability to use Chinese.There is not obvious trend from the Figure 9.
The Figure 10 is the scatter diagram which compares the relationship between the variable of satisfaction towards China and the variable of minority.There are not evident trend between the two variables.
The Figure 11 is the scatter diagram which compares the relationship between the variable of satisfaction towards China and the variable of living in China for a long time.No obvious relationship can be observed.
The Figure 12 is the scatter diagram which compares the relationship between the variable of satisfaction towards China and the variable of regarding themselves as Chinese.It seems an increasing trend between the two variables, but not obvious.
According to analysis of the scatters above, only four independent variables have linear relationship with dependent variable.They are: having Chinese friends, asking China government for aid, regarding themselves as Chinese, believing Chinese friends are more reliant.
Therefore, on the basis of the scatters, the four variables are selected into model, and the results are shown: From Table 1, it is found that the value of 2 R is 0.8 in the first result.It means that the model has suitable degree of fitting.However, from the Table 1 a t coefficien , it is clear that, the value of constant of P is 0.236, and it is more than 0.05.In this sense, the first model needs to be modified, because the test of significant of the value of constant is not successful.
After modification, two variables are removed, they are having Chinese friends and believing Chinese friends are more reliant.Therefore, there is a satisfactory model.This essay is focus on the analysis of all problems on the basis of this model.
In social communication, it is possible that other variables which are not selected also have important influence on the integration of the refugees or immigrant.Because the research method in this essay is on the basis of collecting data, the datum which are selected only react the relationship between the two selected variables and dependent variable, and other factors are not obvious.In this essay , only the two selected variables' reliabilities are recognized.

The result of model building
According to the previous analysis, two independent variables and one dependent variable are selected to be built a multivariable linear regression model.On the part of model building, the data is input into SSPS 19.0 firstly, and then we can get the The model.2, the goodness of fit 2 R is 0.520, which means independent variable is able to represent about 52% change of dependent variable.Because of these big values, the result can be considered that the fitting degree of equation is reasonable, and a well fitting result can be found.
From the Table 3, the value of F is against the value of P (0.006), which is less than the saliency (0.05).Thus, it violates the previous assumption and indicates that there is a significant linear correlation between the independent variable and dependent variable.
From the Table 4, the independent variable of asking China government for help when in trouble, believing I'm Chinese and constant term are respectively 0.002, 0.045, 0.019.Due to both the two variables are less than 0.05, the two independent variables and the dependent variable have significantly linear relationship.
If it is assumed the dependent variable of satisfied to China which over 70% is represented by Z, independent variables asking China government for help when encountering trouble and believing I'm Chinese are respectively represented by X and Y, a linear equation can be found : 11.434 0.812 0.467 The degree of satisfaction' score is more than 70 = 11.434+ 0.812  the people who asking China government for help when encountering trouble + 0.467  the people who believe I'm Chinese

THE ANALYSIS OF CURRENT SITUATION BASED ON THE MODEL
According to the result of the modeling, it is not hard to find that seeking help from the Chinese government when facing the difficulties and identifying themselves as Chinese effect the satisfaction to China to some extent.One point is that all of these two independent variables are positive, which means that if   more refugees and immigrants are willing to seek help from the Chinese government, more people have the high satisfaction to China and more advantageous to integrate the local society as well.Meanwhile, if the number of people that recognized themselves as Chinese increased, the number of higher satisfaction will be increased as well.

Seeking help from Chinese government when facing the difficulties
The modeling result shows that it has a highest coefficient, which is 0.812.It means that the final dependent variable, namely, the satisfaction to China is significantly influenced by it.In the statistics of these 17 areas, averagely only 12 out of 30 people per team chose this option, which means that only 12 people will seek help from Chinese government.This number does not exceed the half rate of the total number of 30 people per team.For this problem, the specific identity of refugees and immigrants should be taken into account.Refugees and immigrants is a group of people that hovering around the edge of social management system both of China and their home countries with a high mobility.The result of this situation leads to a fact that they have no sense of belonging to any countries, lacking of any acknowledgements of citizen of a country.Furthermore, it is not strange for them to avoid seeking help from their countries government.
Compared with the modeling coefficient and the average number of people being chosen of each area, it can be found that very small part of people will seek help from Chinese government when facing the difficulties, but the influence to the result is the greatest.Besides that, the amount decides the number of the people who highly satisfied with China to a large extent.According to this, two conclusions below can be proved: firstly, more people seeking help from Chinese government at first when facing the difficulties, more higher the satisfaction to China can be seen as well as more easier to integrate the local society.Secondly, only 204 out of 510 people will seek help from Chinese government when facing difficulties, which means more people will choose not to 'disturb' the government.In conclusion, the rate of seeking help from the government has the greatest influence to the satisfaction which has a space of improvement as well as the extent of integration to the local society.
From the field investigation, the fact that most refugees and immigrants are not Han Ethnic can be found.Although some of them are similar or identical to local ethnic groups, the majority ethnic group in China is Han Ethnic.Therefore, the problems such as linguistic barrier, culture and customs difference will result in a negative fact that it is hard for them to totally trust and understand the local residents and government.This may also prevent them from a good communication with local government.Meanwhile, the refugees and immigrants also clearly realize their specific identity that if they communication with local government by themselves, the most possible result is that their right of continuing staying and personal liberty will be jeopardized because of the arresting and repatriating in accordance with Chinese law and regulations.As a result, most of them will choose to keep silence when they meet the difficulties instead of seeking help from Chinese government.
The greatest challenge that has been met is that how to make refugees and immigrants trust the Chinese government by using the influential factors of dependent variable that seeking help from the Chinese government when coming across the difficulties.

Identify themselves as Chinese
The coefficient of this independent variable is 0.467, less than the influence of first independent variable.However, this factor still has a significant effect to the dependent variable.The average value of this variable is 11 people, far less from the total number of 30 per team as well that no more than half of the total number.There are so many reasons to let those refugees and immigrants from the neighboring countries identifying themselves as Chinese.According to the investigation, there are two main reasons: firstly, some of them have already been living in China for a long time or married to a Chinese man, some even already 'married' and have children long time ago.They identified themselves as Chinese since very long ago because of the fact that being far away from their motherland for such a long time; secondly, there is mixed variety of ethnic groups in Yunnan, most of the ethnic groups are identical to or share a high similarity with ethnic groups in neighboring countries; some of them even share the same language.All of the neighboring countries around the Yunnan border area, which are the main origin countries of those refugees and immigrants, are multiethnic countries, both of the ethnic groups in these countries have countless links with 20 ethnic groups in China, including Han ethnic.(Luo Gang, 2012) Compared with another groups of data that has been collected, 17 people out of 30 people per team are willing to become Chinese.There are three optional choices in this question: A. Willing to become Chinese, B.Not willing to become Chinese, C. it depends.If all of these objects of investigation will give a clear answer of whether willing to become a Chinese or not instead of a contradictory answer such as refuse to identify themselves as Chinese while willing to become Chinese, 28 out of 30 people identified themselves as or willing to become Chinese.This result shows that almost all of the members in this group of people held the willing attitude to integrating into China, which also conform to the reason of their choice of coming into China.Regardless of the consideration of economics, international position of residing country, environment or any other requirements， both of them seek to find a good place for life.Choose to come to China means that they satisfied with this country indeed.Accompanied with the data, it can be concluded that this group of people is not rejected to integration into China society initially, they will peacefully integrate into the local community with a manner of stability if some relevant works actively being implemented.
In this modeling, the independent variable of willing to become Chinese did not bring a significant effect to dependent variable and a higher satisfaction to China.However, the variable of Chinese identifying positively affects the dependent variable significantly.In conclusion, those who identified themselves as Chinese in this group have a stronger sense of belonging and identity that possess a higher satisfaction to China.For those who refused to identify themselves as Chinese but willing to become Chinese, the degree of satisfaction to China is lower than the group mentioned above because of the failing to raise a petition or the degree of belonging is not so strengthen.
Working out a strategy in response to the effect to dependent variable by the variable of identifying themselves as Chinese is a breakthrough for the society integration of refugees and immigrants as well.

THE POSSIBLE APPROACHES ON SOCIAL INTEGRATION
"Social integration means people from other area get integrated into the local society, and sharing the resources, social conventions with the local community.From an individual perspective, integration means individual social identity, and generally speaking is the level of integration between groups of people in the community".(Cuiyan,2012) The integration of immigrants or refugees is not limited to the living, studying or working with local people, but also includes the recognition of local moral conventions and the culture.The key step to integration is to eliminate the different identity in one's mind.
According to the analysis of such model, possible solutions are provided as follows:

Establish specialized refugee or immigrant department
No matter what definition is, the immigrants or refugees living along the borderline of Yunnan Province in China is a group of people that requires attention.However, in our survey, the departments of government refused to recognize the existence of this group of people.When it is asked the amount of immigrants or refugees in that area, the answer provided by government is there is no refugees or immigrants, and such response is insisted even there is evidence that a survey have been conducted with these people.The government even suggested that it might not be appropriate to conduct survey of this kind.It is the fact that the neglect by the government on the issue of immigrants or refugees that there is barely any improvement in governing this group of people.In this case, it is suggested that the attitude to face the existence of such group of people than refusing to face the existence of such group of people would better solve the problem.In sum, a specialized department of government needs to be established to manage the refugees or immigrants.
It is also suggested that a team consisted of professionals on the issue of immigrants or refugees is established to conduct surveys on source, motivation, or the living condition of such group of people in these areas.Such surveys would make it possible to provide such group of people with better working or living condition, and improve their lives.For the problems immigrants or refugees might meet, actively resolve the disputes if possible.In this case, such group of people can be better integrated to the local community and avoid potential social problems caused by the movement of this group of people.These immigrants or refugees would also possess a better identity in the place they are working, and making contribution to local development.Moreover, the specialized institution, besides undertaking administrative works, may also regularly provide legal education to avoid the crimes committed due to the ignorance of law or exerting a deterrent effect.The works suggested above can be a basis to better solve the issue of immigrants or immigration.

The training of Chinese culture and works
Through the analysis and organization of the acquiring data, it can be found that more than 2/3 of the people admit the importance of learning Chinese.Meanwhile, almost all of the people can speak some Chinese, even only a little words and phrases.It shows that this group pays a high attention to the language learning, residing and the life in China and a good communication with local residents.The fact of willing to learn Chinese language also means that they do not reject Chinese culture.This point significantly supported by another group of data: among all of the objects of investigation, half of them like Mid-autumn Festival, though because of the similarity of this custom in the neighboring countries, it is a good evidence to show that they do not reject the Chinese culture.culture has been defined as: the way of life of an ethnic group which residing together in a same area.Culture can be reflected from the art, social system, customs and religions of this ethnic group.Therefore, strengthen the degree of belonging and belief towards Chinese culture of refugees and immigrants can eliminate their sense of rejecting from the root and help them to integrate into the local society peacefully and smoothly.
For those who are willing to learn Chinese language, some kind of voluntarily culture training institution should be established in their residing area.The trainer can be employed from the college graduates of such relevant departments in Yunnan ---This can be deemed as a good opportunity of practice for them as well.
The training can help the refugees and immigrants learning Chinese culture and studying Chinese language more quickly in order to communicate with local residents more smoothly, effectively change the fact that the refugees and immigrants still merely living within their own group and social circle.Besides that, if more Chinese friends this group has, and more frequently communication with their local residents friends has been done, their degree of satisfaction to China can also be explicitly increased in general as well.Therefore, the suggestion of relevant professional training combined with the investigation of knowing the way of work of this group has been done in this essay.This will help them to make more communications and exchange with local residents through working, knowing more Chinese people through more communication and bring more possibilities and chances to make friends with them.This is a good way to learning more Chinese culture which evaporates the strong influence of Chinese culture to a maximum extent.All of these methods can effectively decrease the refugees' rejecting to Chinese culture and help them to integrate the local society more smoothly and peacefully.

The identity of refugee and immigrant under the framework of law
From the conclusion of the modeling, it can be seen that the more the refugees and immigrants identified themselves as Chinese, the higher satisfaction to China they rated in general.Therefore, strengthen the sense of identifying of Chinese is a effective way for them to integrate into the society.However, the toughest problem is that of the identity.If the problem of their identity cannot to be resolved, the problems of their life, working and the education of their children cannot be resolved as well as the local society integration.Wang Yuan Jun used to propose a management towards the refugees and grant a protection from legal frameworks while the fact is that it is impossible for them to acquire a citizenship through the current Chinese law system.In the present legal frameworks, the government should enact some special policies to grant an identity of quasi-citizenship to them to make them enjoy some sort of rights of a citizen in the local area.
In statistically, every 22 out of 30 people per team hope their children can receive the teaching of Chinese language, which means that most people of this group hope their children can receive Chinese language teaching.For those who temporarily refused to send their children to the Chinese language class, more knowledge of China and Chinese culture should be introduced to create their sense of belonging.Then, the culture can consequently fascinate them to accept or appreciate the Chinese culture.The condition of the Chinese language education is that they should have a proper identity, which is also an important condition of local school entry.For their children's education, too much education resource will be wasted through the specific educating.Furthermore, all of the attempting to integrate them into the local society will be down in the drain as well.Therefore, according to the particularity and complexity, a new identity acquiring system should be set up, which can protect the right of their children to acquire the local education even if they still have not received the identity of Chinese citizen.This may also help this group integrates into the local society more peacefully and harmoniously.
A series problems can be solved by legal identity，for example, education, healthcare and pension.Identity is the key to solve the problem of refugees or immigrants and it is the presupposition of solving other problem.

Figure 1 .Figure 3 .Figure 5 .
Figure 1.The relationship between the variable of satisfaction towards China and the variable of group who want to be Chinese

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.The relationship between the variable of satisfaction towards China and the variable of believing the improvement of China and the variable of enjoying Middle Autumn Festival

Figure 11 .
Figure 11.The relationship between the variable of satisfaction towards China and the variable of living in China for a long time

Table 1 .
Coefficients a table

Table 2 .
Model summary table

Table 3 .
ANOVA a table

Table 4 .
Coefficients a table