Abstract

Suicidal behavior is a complex clinical phenomenon driven by bio-psycho-social interactions. Although global models highlight the roles of depression, hopelessness, and family dynamics, little research explores these pathways within minority populations, such as the Arab Druze in Israel. This preliminary study investigated demographic, clinical, family, and cultural reasons for suicidality among Arab Druze; how socioeconomic status, cultural shifts, and belief in reincarnation interact with psychological distress and suicidal intent. In a mixed-methods study, a quantitative sample of 55 Arab Druze suicide attempters within the previous year (aged 12–67) completed standardized instruments measuring suicide attitudes (SUIATT), ideation severity (PSS), lethality, general psychological distress (GSI), and reasons for living (RFL), alongside a culturally specific questionnaire. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with 50 additional Arab Druze participants (aged 12–58) presented personal narratives behind their suicide attempts. Stepwise linear regressions, adjusted for demographic factors, revealed that survival and coping beliefs significantly predicted lower endorsement of the right to commit suicide, while GSI was the sole significant predictor of suicidal ideation severity. Perception of family and social difficulties—rather than a shift toward Western culture or belief in reincarnation—was strongly correlated with higher distress. Thematic content analysis identified four main drivers for suicidal behavior across all age groups: family difficulties, socioeconomic stressors, social difficulties, and severe psychological distress. Suicidality in Arab Druze society is primarily motivated by immediate socio-familial stressors and GSI rather than traditional cultural or spiritual beliefs. Interventions strengthening family support systems and enhancing psychological coping mechanisms to mitigate distress are recommended.