European Journal of STEM Education
Research Article
2025, 10(1), Article No: 38

STEM teaching competency of general education teachers: Concept, Definition, and theoretical framework

Hien Thi Thu Le 1, Chung Kim Pham 1, Nguyen Chi Le 1, Nhi Thi Nguyen 2, Ngoc Thi Lan Nguyen 1, Huyen Thi Thanh Khuat 1, Dung Viet Nguyen 3, Thuy Thi Vu 4, Tuyen Thi Thanh Nguyen 5 *
1 VNU University of Education, VIETNAM2 Saigon University, VIETNAM3 Party Committee of Thai Nguyen Provincial Party Agencies, VIETNAM4 Ha Noi Metropolitan University, VIETNAM5 Hung Vuong University, VIETNAM
* Corresponding Author
https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17654
Published in Volume 10 Issue 1: 28 Dec 2025
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Abstract

STEM education (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) is a teaching orientation that has garnered global attention in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Currently, STEM education is being integrated into general education as an active teaching model aimed at developing students' competencies. This paper explores teaching models, the teaching competencies of general school teachers, and STEM education in general schools to formulate a concept, definition, and competency framework for STEM teaching for general school teachers. The result is the establishment of a STEM teaching competency framework with 3 standards (STEM subject knowledge, STEM pedagogical skills, and technology usage skills in STEM teaching), 8 criteria, 14 indicators, and 26 behavioral manifestations derived from these 3 standards of STEM teaching competency for general school teachers. The proposal of this STEM teaching competency framework is significant in the training and professional development of teachers, enabling effective implementation of STEM education and improving teaching quality in general schools.
Figure 2 Figure 2. TPACK-STEM (Abdullah & Mahmud, 2024)
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APA 7th edition
In-text citation: (Le et al., 2025)
Reference: Le, H. T. T., Pham, C. K., Le, N. C., Nguyen, N. T., Nguyen, N. T. L., Khuat, H. T. T., Nguyen, D. V., Vu, T. T., & Nguyen, T. T. T. (2025). STEM teaching competency of general education teachers: Concept, Definition, and theoretical framework. European Journal of STEM Education, 10(1), Article 38. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17654
AMA 10th edition
In-text citation: (1), (2), (3), etc.
Reference: Le HTT, Pham CK, Le NC, et al. STEM teaching competency of general education teachers: Concept, Definition, and theoretical framework. European Journal of STEM Education. 2025;10(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17654
Chicago
In-text citation: (Le et al., 2025)
Reference: Le, Hien Thi Thu, Chung Kim Pham, Nguyen Chi Le, Nhi Thi Nguyen, Ngoc Thi Lan Nguyen, Huyen Thi Thanh Khuat, Dung Viet Nguyen, Thuy Thi Vu, and Tuyen Thi Thanh Nguyen. "STEM teaching competency of general education teachers: Concept, Definition, and theoretical framework". European Journal of STEM Education 2025 10 no. 1 (2025): 38. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17654
Harvard
In-text citation: (Le et al., 2025)
Reference: Le, H. T. T., Pham, C. K., Le, N. C., Nguyen, N. T., Nguyen, N. T. L., Khuat, H. T. T., . . . Nguyen, T. T. T. (2025). STEM teaching competency of general education teachers: Concept, Definition, and theoretical framework. European Journal of STEM Education, 10(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17654
MLA
In-text citation: (Le et al., 2025)
Reference: Le, Hien Thi Thu et al. "STEM teaching competency of general education teachers: Concept, Definition, and theoretical framework". European Journal of STEM Education, vol. 10, no. 1, 2025, 38. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17654
Vancouver
In-text citation: (1), (2), (3), etc.
Reference: Le HTT, Pham CK, Le NC, Nguyen NT, Nguyen NTL, Khuat HTT, et al. STEM teaching competency of general education teachers: Concept, Definition, and theoretical framework. European Journal of STEM Education. 2025;10(1):38. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17654
Keywords
STEM, teaching competency, STEM teaching competency, general education teachers
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