Abstract
This research is motivated by low critical and creative thinking skills. Apart from that, many previous studies have looked at the effect of worksheets on critical and creative thinking skills. It is worth evaluating whether the statistical results of these studies can be trusted and reported. For this reason, this research aims to compile and statistically evaluate the results of an independent study that examines worksheets on critical and creative thinking skills. The research method used is meta-analysis. A study search was conducted from 2014 to 2023 in Google Scholar. The search results provided 47 studies that met the inclusion requirements for extraction. This research produced 1.960, an excellent category for the entire study, and the mean population correlation coefficient was 0.498. This shows that the effect of the worksheet on critical and creative thinking skills is very high. Limitations of this research include the fact that the discussion of this research is only used as a basic idea for further research, and only analyses the results of studies over the last ten years. Developing worksheets is recommended to improve critical and creative thinking skills.
- Adillah Adnan, Y. (2021). The Influence of Student Worksheet Based on Problem Centered Learning to Increase Students Mathematics Creative Thinking Ability. Proceedings of the International Conference on Educational Studies in Mathematics (ICoESM 2021). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211211.038
- Aini, N. R., Syafril, S., Netriwati, N., Pahrudin, A., Rahayu, T., & Puspasari, V. (2019). Problem-Based Learning for Critical Thinking Skills in Mathematics. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1155(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1155/1/012026
- Akgül, S., & Kahveci, N. G. (2016). A Study on the Development of a Mathematics Creativity Scale. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 16(62). https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.62.5
- Alghafri, A. S. R., & Ismail, H. N. Bin. (2014). The effects of integrating creative and critical thinking on schools students’ thinking. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 4(6), 518–525. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2014.V4.410
- Amanda, M. T., Mirza, A. A., & Qamariah, Z. (2023). A history of merdeka curriculum for english education in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nasional (JIPNAS), 1(2), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.59435/jipnas.v1i2.19
- Anggraini, D., & Susilowati, S. (2022). Development of student worksheet based on discovery learning to improve students’ concept understanding. Journal of Science Education Research, 6(2), 98–103. https://doi.org/10.21831/jser.v6i2.48320
- Aravantinos, S., Lavidas, K., Voulgari, I., Papadakis, S., Karalis, T., & Komis, V. (2024). Educational Approaches with AΙ in Primary School Settings: A Systematic Review of the Literature Available in Scopus. In Education Sciences (Vol. 14, Issue 7). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14070744
- Arends, D., & Kilcher, A. (2010). Teaching for student learning: Becoming an accomplished teacher. Routledge.
- Astuti, & Kurniawati, D. (2025). Development of Discovery Learning-Based E-Worksheet Integrated with Ethnoscience on Acid-Base Material. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(10), 746–755. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i10.12475
- Astuti, N., Efendi, U., Riswandi, & Haya, F. F. (2022). The impact of Project Based Learning Model on creative thinking ability of forth grade students. International Journal of Elementary Education, 6(3), 440–445. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v6i3.48881
- Basri, H., Purwanto, As’ari, A. R., & Sisworo. (2019). Investigating critical thinking skill of junior high school in solving mathematical problem. International Journal of Instruction, 12(3), 745–758. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12345a
- Bicer, A., Lee, Y., Perihan, C., Capraro, M. M., & Capraro, R. M. (2020). Considering mathematical creative self-efficacy with problem posing as a measure of mathematical creativity. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 105(3), 457–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-020-09995-8
- Birgili, B. (2015). Creative and critical thinking skills in problem-based learning environments. Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity, 2(2), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.18200/JGEDC.2015214253
- Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V, Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2021). Introduction to meta-analysis. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470743386
- Butterworth, J., & Thwaites, G. (2013). Thinking skills: Critical thinking and problem solving. Cambridge University Press.
- Cahyono, A. E. Y. (2019). Improving Achievement and Attitudes towards Mathematics Using Problem-Based Learning Setting Team Accelerated Instruction. Journal of Mathematics Education, 4(2), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.31327/jomedu.v4i2.1012
- Chomal, A. (2022). Designing worksheets for meaningful learning. Learning Curve, 12, 3–9. https://publications.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/id/eprint/3404
- Choo, S. S. Y., Rotgans, J. I., Yew, E. H. J., & Schmidt, H. G. (2011). Effect of worksheet scaffolds on student learning in problem-based learning. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 16, 517–528.
- Chukwuyenum, A. N. (2013). Impact of critical thinking on performance in mathematics among senior secondary school students in Lagos State. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education, 3(5), 18–25. https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-0351825
- Chi, D. N. (2022). Vietnamese EFL students’ critical thinking in an English literature course. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 9(1), 77–94. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/899
- Citroresmi, P. N., Husna, N., Utami, C., Mariyam, Wahyuni, R., & Mursidi, A. (2022). Means Ends Analysis Learning Model on Students’ Problem-Solving Ability and Creative Thinking Ability. In L. Uden & D. Liberona (Eds.), Learning Technology for Education Challenges (pp. 216–226). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08890-2_17
- Cooper, H., Hedges, L. V, & Valentine, J. C. (2019). The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis. Russell Sage Foundation.
- Daly, S. R., Mosyjowski, E. A., & Seifert, C. M. (2014). Teaching creativity in engineering courses. Journal of Engineering Education, 103(3), 417–449. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20048
- Davies, R. S., Dean, D. L., & Ball, N. (2013). Flipping the classroom and instructional technology integration in a college-level information systems spreadsheet course. Educational Technology Research and Development, 61, 563–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-013-9305-6
- Divia, B. C., Herlina, K., Viyanti, V., Abdurrahman, A., & Ertikanto, C. (2022). Learning of inquiry sequences-based e-student worksheet assisted by canva to stimulate hands-on skills, mind-on activity, and science process skills. Indonesian Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 5(3), 318–329. https://doi.org/10.24042/ijsme.v5i1.13905
- Eales-Reynolds, L.-J., Judge, B., McCreery, E., & Jones, P. (2013). Critical thinking skills for education students. Learning Matters.
- Erden, A., Erden, H., & Aytaç, T. (2023). Teachers’ Well-Being Levels by Gender and Marital Status: A Meta-Analysis Study. Asya Öğretim Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.47215/aji.1304646
- Evans, T., Klymchuk, S., Murphy, P. E. L., Novak, J., Stephens, J., & Thomas, M. (2021). Non-routine mathematical problem-solving: creativity, engagement, and intuition of STEM tertiary students. STEM Education, 1(4), 256–278. https://doi.org/10.3934/steme.2021017
- Fabian, J. (2018). Creative thinking and problem solving. CRC Press.
- Glass, G. V. (1977). 9: integrating findings: the meta-analysis of research. Review of Research in Education, 5(1), 351–379. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X005001351
- Gurevitch, J., Koricheva, J., Nakagawa, S., & Stewart, G. (2018). Meta-analysis and the science of research synthesis. Nature, 555(7695), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25753
- Hidayat, W., Aripin, U., & Widodo, S. A. (2025). Integration of ethno-modelling and 3N: An innovative digital worksheet framework to enhance students’ mathematical critical thinking skills. Infinity Journal, 14(4), 1019–1042. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v14i4.p1019-1042
- Hu, X., & Yang, Y. (2021). What makes online reviews helpful in tourism and hospitality? A bare-bones meta-analysis. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 30(2), 139–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2020.1780178
- Ibrahim, I., & Widodo, S. A. (2020). Advocacy Approach with open-ended problems to mathematical creative thinking. Infinity Journal, 9(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v9i1.p93-102
- Juandi, D., & Tamur, M. (2021). Problem-based learning for mathematical critical thinking skills: a meta-analysis. Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences）, 48(2). https://www.jonuns.com/index.php/journal/article/view/521
- Jones, D. A. (2023). A review and critical analysis of qualitative methodologies and data-collection techniques used for code-switching research. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 7(2), 53-72. https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/12988
- Kartikasari, I. A., Usodo, B., & Riyadi. (2022). The effectiveness open-ended learning and creative problem solving models to teach creative thinking skills. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 12(4), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.12.04.04
- Krisdiana, I., Masfingatin, T., Murtafiah, W., & Widodo, S. A. (2019). Worksheet-Based Learning Research to Improve Creative Thinking Skills. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1254(1), 012054. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1254/1/012054
- Kusuma, I. A., & Sumarni, W. (2024). Development of ethnoscience integrated e-worksheet in acid base materials to improve critical thinking skill. EDUSAINS, 16(2), 97–109. https://doi.org/10.15408/es.v13i2.34136
- Kutluca, A. Y. (2018). The investigation of variables predicting prospective teachers' problem solving skills. Asian Journal of Instruction, 6(1), 1-20.
- Lee, C.-D. (2014). Worksheet usage, reading achievement, classes’ lack of readiness, and science achievement: A cross-country comparison. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 2(2), 96–106. https://ijemst.com/index.php/ijemst/article/view/303
- Lucas, B., & Spencer, E. (2017). Teaching creative thinking developing learners who generate ideas and can think critically pedagogy for a changing world.
- Manalo, E. ;, & Kapur. (2018). The role of failure in promoting thi nking skills and creativity: New fin dings and insights about how failur e can be beneficial for learning. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/235678
- Mercy, A., Lapuz, E., & Fulgencio, M. N. (2020). Improving the Critical Thinking Skills of Secondary School Students using Problem-Based Learning. International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research, 4(1), 1–7. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3543211
- Mihardi, S., Harahap, M. B., & Sani, R. A. (2013). The effect of project based learning model with kwl worksheet on student creative thinking process in physics problems. Journal of Education and Practice, 4(25), 188–200. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP/article/view/9086
- Mkpae, S. G., & Obowu-Adutchay, V. (2017). Teaching for creative thinking. International Journal of Education and Evaluation, 3(2), 28–33.
- Mortensen, M. F., & Smart, K. (2007). Free‐choice worksheets increase students’ exposure to curriculum during museum visits. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 44(9), 1389–1414.
- Murnaka, N. P., Almaisurie, Q., & Arifin, S. (2019). Method On Guided Inquiry Learning To Improve Students’ Critical Thinking Abilities In Facing The Industrial Revolution 4.0. International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research, 8(09). http://ejournal.narotama.ac.id/.pdf
- Mutia, N. B., & Prasetyo, Z. K. (2018). The effectiveness of students’ worksheet based on multiple representations to increase creative thinking skills. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 12(4), 631–637. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v12i4.8487
- Ningrum, N. K., Setiati, N., & Subali, B. (2022). Development of Comic-based Worksheet to Improve Learning Motivation and Critical Thinking. Indonesian Journal of Science and Education, 6(2), 6–17.
- Osborne, J. (2013). The 21st century challenge for science education: Assessing scientific reasoning. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 10, 265–279.
- Ozrecberoglu, N., Aydın, S., & Aydın, O. (2022). Students’ Skills In Solving Non-Routine Mathematical Problems. Education Quarterly Reviews, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.05.02.504
- Papadakis, S. (2020). Apps to promote computational thinking concepts and coding skills in children of preschool and pre-primary school age. In Mobile learning applications in early childhood education (pp. 101–121). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
- Papadopoulou, E. A., Tsiantos, V., Hatzikraniotis, E., Karampatzakis, D., & Maragakis, M. (2025). Empowering future generations by enhancing critical competencies through sustainable transport learning. European Journal of STEM Education, 10(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17290
- Parissi, M., Komis, V., Dumouchel, G., Lavidas, K., & Papadakis, S. (2023). How Does Students’ Knowledge about Information-Seeking Improve Their Behavior in Solving Information Problems?. Educational Process: International Journal, 12(1), 113–137.
- Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2019). The nature and functions of critical & creative thinking. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Pigott, T., & Moon, S. M. (2016). Introduction to the Meta-Analysis Special Issue. Gifted Child Quarterly, 60(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0016986216634439
- Pramasdyahsari, A. S., Rubowo, M. R., Nindita, V., Astutik, I. D., Pant, B. P., Dahal, N., & Luitel, B. C. (2025). Developing engaging STEAM-geometry activities: Fostering mathematical creativity through the engineering design process using Indonesian cuisine context. Infinity Journal, 14(1), 213–234. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v14i1.p213-234
- Pratikno, Y., Hermawan, E., & Arifin, A. L. (2022). Human resource ‘kurikulum merdeka’ from design to implementation in the school: What worked and what not in Indonesian education. Jurnal Iqra’: Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(1), 326–343. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v7i1.1708
- Priatna, N., Lorenzia, S. A., & Widodo, S. A. (2020). STEM education at junior high school mathematics course for improving the mathematical critical thinking skills. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(3), 1173–1184. https://doi.org/10.17478/JEGYS.728209
- Punto Aji, G., & Nugraheni, B. I. (2023). Critical thinking skills of high school and vocational school students in indonesia: a literature review. International Journal of Education and Social Science Research, 06(03), 353–367. https://doi.org/10.37500/ijessr.2023.6328
- Purnami, A. S., Utami, D. R. N., & Kuncoro, K. S. (2022). Ethnomathematics In the Museum of Sasmitaloka Panglima Besar Jendral Sudirman Yogyakarta In Improving Students’ Creative Thinking Ability. Indomath: Indonesia Mathematics Education, 5(2), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.30738/indomath.v5i2.36
- Puspitasari, L., In’am, A., & Syaifuddin, M. (2018). Analysis of Students’ Creative Thinking in Solving Arithmetic Problems. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.12973/iejme/3962
- Pusporini, W., Widodo, S. A., Wijayanti, A., Wijayanti, N., Utami, W. B., Taqiyuddin, M., & Irfan, M. (2023). Mathematical Knowledge Content in Junior High School Curriculum: A Comparative Study of the 2013 Curriculum and Merdeka Curriculum. Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 12(2), 389–404. https://doi.org/10.31980/mosharafa.v12i2.795
- Quan, J., & Shang, L. (2021). An ensemble model of wind speed forecasting based on variational mode decomposition and bare-bones fireworks algorithm. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6632390
- Rahayu, Y. S., Pratiwi, R., & Indana, S. (2018). Development of biology student worksheets to facilitate science process skills of student. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 296(1), 012044. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/296/1/012044
- Ramdani, D., Susilo, H., Suhadi, & Sueb. (2022). The Effectiveness of Collaborative Learning on Critical Thinking, Creative Thinking, and Metacognitive Skill Ability: Meta-Analysis on Biological Learning. In European Journal of Educational Research (Vol. 11, Issue 3, pp. 1607–1628). Eurasian Society of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.3.1607
- Ratnasari, P. D., & Budiyanto, M. (2020). Implementation team assisted individualization learning model assisted by worksheet based on contextual teaching and learning to improve student learning outcomes. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 5(2), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.26740/jppipa.v5n2.p53-60
- Rejeki, S., Riyadi, R., & Siswanto, S. (2021). Problem Based Learning and Guided Inquiry Learning Model on Critical Thinking Ability. International Journal on Emerging Mathematics Education (IJEME), 5(1). https://doi.org/10.12928/ijeme.v5i1.19939
- Rizaldi, D. R., & Fatimah, Z. (2023). Merdeka curriculum: Characteristics and potential in education recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 15(1), 260–271. https://ijci.globets.org/index.php/IJCI/article/view/1137
- Rosulawati, H., & Caswita, S. (2020). Development of Mathematic Student’s Worksheet Based on Means Ends Analysis to Improve Critical Thinking Ability for Students in Class 5th Elementary School. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT, 21(2), 170–175. https://doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v21.2.1986
- Sasson, I., Yehuda, I., & Malkinson, N. (2018). Fostering the skills of critical thinking and question-posing in a project-based learning environment. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 29, 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.08.001
- Setiana, D. S., Purwoko, R. Y., & Sugiman. (2021). The application of mathematics learning model to stimulate mathematical critical thinking skills of senior high school students. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(1), 509–523. https://doi.org/10.12973/EU-JER.10.1.509
- Shawan, M., Osman, S., & Abu, M. S. (2021). Difficulties in Solving Non-Routine Problems: Preliminary Analysis and Results. ASM Science Journal, 16(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2021.800
- Siagian, Q. A., Darhim, D., & Juandi, D. (2023). The Effect of Cooperative Learning Models on The Students’ Mathematical Critical and Creative Thinking Ability: Meta-Analysis Study. Jurnal Cendekia : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 7(1), 969–990. https://doi.org/10.31004/cendekia.v7i1.2281
- Simarmata, H. A., & Mayuni, I. (2023). Curriculum reform in indonesia: from competency-based to freedom of learning. International Journal Of Pedagogical Novelty, 2(2), 1–13. https://jurnal.pustakagalerimandiri.co.id/index.php/ijopnov/article/view/519
- Siregar, H. M., Solfitri, T., & Siregar, S. N. (2022). Development of E-worksheet of integration technique rational functions different linear factors to improve mathematical creative thinking skills. Proceedings of the UR International Conference on Educational Sciences, 35–40. https://ices.prosiding.unri.ac.id/index.php/ICES/article/view/7975/0
- Sitorus, E. N., Sinaga, B., & Dewi, I. (2019). Analysis of The Difficulties of the Mathematical Creative Thinking Process in Problem Based Learning. 4th Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2019).
- Stupple, E. J. N., Maratos, F. A., Elander, J., Hunt, T. E., Cheung, K. Y. F., & Aubeeluck, A. V. (2017). Development of the Critical Thinking Toolkit (CriTT): A measure of student attitudes and beliefs about critical thinking. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 23, 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2016.11.007
- Stylianidou, F., Glauert, E., Rossis, D., Compton, A., Cremin, T., Craft, A., & Havu-Nuutinen, S. (2018). Fostering Inquiry and Creativity in Early Years STEM Education: Policy Recommendations from the Creative Little Scientists Project. European Journal of STEM Education, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/3875
- Suarniati, N. W., Hidayah, N., & Handarini, M. D. (2018). The development of learning tools to improve students’ critical thinking skills in vocational high school. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 175(1), 012095. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/175/1/012095
- Suherman, S., & Vidákovich, T. (2025). Ethnomathematical test for mathematical creative thinking. Journal of Creativity, 35(2), 100099. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjoc.2025.100099
- Sultan, Y., Dautova, G., & Dalle, J. (2025). Examining the relationship among artificial intelligence literacy, cultural literacy, and intercultural communication proficiency of philology students. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 12(5), 345–362. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/2839
- Sun, J. C.-Y., & Lee, K.-H. (2016). Which teaching strategy is better for enhancing anti-phishing learning motivation and achievement? The concept maps on tablet PCs or worksheets? Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 19(4), 87–99. http://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.19.4.87
- Suurmond, R., van Rhee, H., & Hak, T. (2017). Introduction, comparison, and validation of Meta‐Essentials: a free and simple tool for meta‐analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 8(4), 537–553. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1260
- Tamur, M., & Juandi, D. (2020). Effectiveness of constructivism based learning models against students mathematical creative thinking abilities in Indonesia: A meta-analysis study. In L. S. Riza, E. C. Prima, T. Hadibarata, & P. J. Aubusson (Eds.), Procedings of the 7th Mathematics, Science, and Computer Science Education International Seminar (Vol. 1, pp. 107–114). EAI. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.12-10-2019.2296507
- Tate, M. L. (2015). Worksheets don’t grow dendrites: 20 instructional strategies that engage the brain. Corwin Press.
- Toheri, Winarso, W., & Haqq, A. A. (2020). Where exactly for enhance critical and creative thinking: The use of problem posing or contextual learning. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(2), 877–887. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.9.2.877
- Töman, U., Akdeniz, A. R., Odabasi Çimer, S., & Gürbüz, F. (2013). Extended worksheet developed according to 5E model based on constructivist learning approach. Online Submission, 4(4), 173–183. https://ijonte.elapublishing.net/makale/6316
- Tong, D. H., Loc, N. P., Uyen, B. P., & Son, T. H. (2020). Enhancing creative and critical thinking skills of students in mathematics classrooms: An experimental study of teaching the inequality in high schools. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(2), 477–489. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080219
- Toupin, A., & Lévesque, S. (2025). Experiences and perceptions of gynaecological violence: a descriptive exploration of the phenomenon from survivors’ standpoints. Feminist Encounters: A Journal of Critical Studies in Culture and Politics, 9(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.20897/femenc/16022
- Tülübaş, T., Karakose, T., & Papadakis, S. (2023). A Holistic Investigation of the Relationship between Digital Addiction and Academic Achievement among Students. In European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (Vol. 13, Issue 10, pp. 2006–2034). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13100143
- Tunçer, E., & Sapancı, A. (2021). The relationship between critical thinking tendency and practical perceptions of middle school mathematics teachers. Asian Journal of Instruction, 9(2), 55-74. https://doi.org/10.47215/aji.1000040
- Umam, K., Susandi, A. D., Irfan, M., Awang, M. lsha Bin, Susanti, E. N., & Supandi. (2025). Mathematical creative thinking skills: using apos theory to identify student errors in solving contextual problems. Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies, 25(1), 10–20. https://doi.org/10.69598/hasss.25.1.269211
- Umriani, F., Hairun, Y., & Prawitha Sari, D. (2020). Analysis and Design of Mathematics Student Worksheets Based on PBL Learning Models to Improve Creative Thinking. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(7s), 226–237.
- Wartono, W., Hudha, M. N., & Batlolona, J. R. (2018). How are the physics critical thinking skills of the students taught by using inquiry-discovery through empirical and theorethical overview? Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(2), 691–697. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/80632
- Widodo, S. A., Sari, Y. N., Chiphambo, S. M., Fitriani, N., Sulistyowati, F., Murtafiah, W., & Pratama, D. F. (2025). The effect of teaching props on the mathematical problem-solving skills: A meta-analysis study. Infinity Journal, 14(1), 235–258. https://doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v14i1.p235-258
- Widodo, S. A., Wijayanti, A., Irfan, M., Pusporini, W., Mariah, S., & Rochmiyati, S. (2023). Effects of Worksheets on Problem-Solving Skills: Meta-Analytic Studies. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 9(1), 151–167. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.9.1.151
- Winarto, W., Rosada, D., Rahayu, D. P., Pradana, P. W., & Shidiq, G. A. (2025). The Impact of STEM-EfSD Games on Enhancing Students’ Creative Thinking and Environmental Literacy. European Journal of STEM Education, 10(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17354
- Wulansari, R., Rusnayati, H., Saepuzaman, D., Karim, S., & Feranie, S. A. (2019). The influence of scientific creativity and critical worksheets (SCCW) on creative thinking skills and critical scientific as well as students’ cognitive abilities on project-based learning work and energy concepts. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1280(5), 052039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1280/5/052039
- Yaden, Z. (2017). A Development of students’ worksheet based on contextual teaching and learning. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 16(6), 64–79.
- Yaki, A. A. (2022). Fostering Critical Thinking Skills Using Integrated STEM Approach among Secondary School Biology Students. European Journal of STEM Education, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/12481
- Yayuk, E., Purwanto, As’Ari, A. R., & Subanji. (2020). Primary school students’ creative thinking skills in mathematics problem solving. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(3), 1281–1295. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.9.3.1281
- Yohannes, Juandi, D., & Tamur, M. (2021). The effect of problem-based learning model on mathematical critical thinking skills of junior high school students: A meta-analysis study. Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi Dan Pendidikan Indonesia, 10(2), 142–157. https://doi.org/10.15408/jp3i.v10i2.17893
- Yunita, Y., Juandi, D., Tamur, M., Adem, A. M. G., & Pereira, J. (2020). A meta-analysis of the effects of problem-based learning on students’ creative thinking in mathematics. Beta: Jurnal Tadris Matematika, 13(2), 104–116. https://doi.org/10.20414/betajtm.v13i2.380
- ŽivkoviĿ, S. (2016). A model of critical thinking as an important attribute for success in the 21st century. In I. H. Mirici, I. H. Erten, & H. Öz (Eds.), Procedia-social and behavioral sciences (Vol. 232, pp. 102–108). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.034
AMA 10th edition
In-text citation: (1), (2), (3), etc.
Reference: Widodo SA, Hidayat W, Ekawati R, Irfan M, Maarif S. The importance of creating mathematical worksheets and their impact on critical and creative thinking skills.
European Journal of STEM Education. 2025;10(1), 31.
https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17487
APA 6th edition
In-text citation: (Widodo et al., 2025)
Reference: Widodo, S. A., Hidayat, W., Ekawati, R., Irfan, M., & Maarif, S. (2025). The importance of creating mathematical worksheets and their impact on critical and creative thinking skills.
European Journal of STEM Education, 10(1), 31.
https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17487
Chicago
In-text citation: (Widodo et al., 2025)
Reference: Widodo, Sri Adi, Wahyu Hidayat, Rooselyna Ekawati, Muhammad Irfan, and Samsul Maarif. "The importance of creating mathematical worksheets and their impact on critical and creative thinking skills".
European Journal of STEM Education 2025 10 no. 1 (2025): 31.
https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17487
Harvard
In-text citation: (Widodo et al., 2025)
Reference: Widodo, S. A., Hidayat, W., Ekawati, R., Irfan, M., and Maarif, S. (2025). The importance of creating mathematical worksheets and their impact on critical and creative thinking skills.
European Journal of STEM Education, 10(1), 31.
https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17487
MLA
In-text citation: (Widodo et al., 2025)
Reference: Widodo, Sri Adi et al. "The importance of creating mathematical worksheets and their impact on critical and creative thinking skills".
European Journal of STEM Education, vol. 10, no. 1, 2025, 31.
https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17487
Vancouver
In-text citation: (1), (2), (3), etc.
Reference: Widodo SA, Hidayat W, Ekawati R, Irfan M, Maarif S. The importance of creating mathematical worksheets and their impact on critical and creative thinking skills. European Journal of STEM Education. 2025;10(1):31.
https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/17487